Indonesia’s early childhood education system is primarily overseen by the Ministry of Education and Culture and the Ministry of Religious Affairs, which regulate both general and Islamic-based preschools. Early childhood education is not mandatory but serves as a preparatory stage for primary school. It includes Taman Bermain (playgroups for children aged 2–4) and Taman Kanak-Kanak (TK) (kindergartens for ages 4–6), divided into TK-A and TK-B levels.

Approximately 99.35% of kindergartens in Indonesia are privately operated, often run by religious or community organizations. The curriculum emphasizes social skills, early literacy, numeracy, and moral values, integrating play-based learning approaches.

The rise of EdTech platforms such as Ruangguru and Zenius has expanded access to preschool education through online learning. These platforms provide digital resources to enhance early childhood education, especially in remote areas.

Despite increasing participation, challenges remain, including unequal access to quality education and teacher training gaps. Government initiatives aim to expand early education programs, improve facilities, and integrate STEAM-based learning